Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Overview and Facts about Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a facial nerve disorder in which shingles (varicella zoster virus) affects the facial nerve and other cranial nerves on one side of the face. It is caused by the same virus as chickenpox, appears as a painful rash, and can result in facial paralysis and hearing loss.
If you have had chickenpox, the virus lays dormant along the nerve ganglions (nerve cell clusters). When the virus reactivates, Ramsay Hunt syndrome can be the result.
Symptoms and Signs of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
A painful rash and facial paralysis on one side of the face are the main signs of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Pain typically precedes the rash by several hours to days.
The rash usually begins around the affected ear as red blisters. Complete or partial facial paralysis often occurs after the rash has erupted.
In addition, other symptoms include:
- Decreased ability to taste
- Difficulty hearing from the affected ear
- Ear pain
- Vertigo
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Dry eyes and mouth
- Eye irritation or pain
If you notice any of the above signs, it is important to see your doctor right away, as prompt treatment is key to preventing long-term complications, including permanent facial weakness, hearing loss, eye damage and post-herpetic neuralgia (painful damage to nerve fibers).
Tests and Diagnosis of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Your doctor will be able to visually assess your symptoms to determine if you have Ramsay Hunt syndrome. He/she will also conduct a thorough physical exam and review your medical history to check if you have had a chickenpox vaccination.
If necessary, they will also take a fluid sample from a rash blister for laboratory testing to confirm diagnosis. A hearing test (audiogram) may be done to assess the level of hearing loss.
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